A total of 48 apple germplasm accessions， including diploid， triploid and tetraploid， were selected as materials. Fourteen phenotypic traits of flower organs were observed and data were collected. The distribution frequency and coefficient of variation of different phenotypic traits were calculated and analyzed. The number and morphological characteristics of pollen grains were observed under an optical microscope. The purose of this study was to provide references for the evaluation， identification and utilization of apple polyploid germplasm resources. The results showed that： （1） The phenotypic diversity of flower organs of different ploidies in apple was rich. The characters of pink flower buds， yellow anthers， adjacent petals in relative positions， ovate petals， and pubescence at the base of the style were the most common， accounting for 60.4%， 100%， 54.2%， 79.2% and 97.9% of the descriptors' distribution frequency， respectively. （2） Traits such as flower number per inflorescence， stamen number， petal length and width， corolla diameter， and stigma number show relatively low variation among different varieties （lines） within the same ploidy level， with coefficients of variation below 20.0%. However， triploid and tetraploid apples exhibit significantly larger average values for corolla diameter， petal length， and petal width compared to diploid apples. Moreover， the average corolla diameter of two tetraploid varieties exceeds that of triploid apples. These findings suggest that an enlarged corolla diameter can serve as a useful auxiliary marker for identifying polyploid variations within the same apple variety （line）.（3） The proportions of different-shaped pollen grains varied among different ploidies. The proportions of larger pollen grains， round pollen grains and square pollen grains were significantly higher in polyploids than in diploids. This suggested that a higher proportion of round and square pollen grains can be used as an effective auxiliary selection trait for identifying apple polyploid variations. The ratio of the number of triangular pollen grains to the sum of the numbers of round and square pollen grains was significantly different between diploids and tetraploids and the ratio of 1.6 could be used as a critical value for identifying ploidy.