To systematically evaluate the genetic diversity of eggplant germplasm resources and screen disease-resistant germplasms, this study analyzed 62 eggplant accessions using morphological traits and InDel molecular markers, combined with artificial inoculation to assess resistance to bacterial wilt and brown rot. The results showed that the morphological traits of the tested materials exhibited high variation, with all trait variation coefficients exceeding 10%, among which fruit traits showed the most pronounced diversity. At the molecular level, the mean polymorphism information content (PIC) of 23 InDel markers was 0.290, indicating a moderate level of genetic diversity. Disease resistance evaluation identified 4 accessions highly resistant to bacterial wilt, including the wild germplasm African scarlet eggplant (24AE001, 24AE002) and turkey berry (24AE004) , as well as cultivated accession 24AE100; and 8 accessions immune to brown rot, including the wild germplasm African scarlet eggplant (24AE001, 24AE002) and Kashi eggplant (24AE003) , as well as cultivated accessions 24AE024, 24AE058, 24AE068, 24AE078, and 24AE098. Wild germplasm accessions exhibited superior disease resistance. These findings confirm that eggplant germplasm resources possess substantial genetic diversity, with wild germplasm serving as an important reservoir of disease resistance genes. The identified resistant germplasms provide valuable genetic resources for disease-resistant breeding programs.