1.中国农业科学院国家南繁研究院;2.海南大学热带农林学院(农业农村学院、乡村振兴学院);3.中国农业大学农学院;4.崖州湾国家实验室;5.中国农业科学院作物科学研究所;6.国际水稻所
国家自然基金(32261143465);海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2025SXLH001, ZDYF2024KJTPY001);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(Y2025YC12);海南省科技人才创新项目(KJRC2023A01);农业农村部种业提升工程精准鉴定
1.National Nanfan Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;2.Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;3.International Rice Research Institute
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32261143465) ; Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund (ZDYF2025SXLH001, ZDYF2024KJTPY001) ; Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund (Y2025YC12) ; Innovational Fund for Scientific and Technological Personnel of Hainan Province (KJRC2023A01); Precision Phenotyping and Genotyping within the Framework of the Seed Industry Enhancement Initiative of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
摘要:稻瘟病(Magnaporthe oryzae)是严重威胁水稻生产的全球性病害之一,培育和利用抗病品种被认为是最经济、最绿色的防控途径。当前水稻抗病育种在很大程度上依赖于有限的已知抗病基因和栽培稻遗传资源,随着病原菌群体的不断演化,部分抗性逐渐丧失,抗病基因来源单一的问题日益凸显。野生稻作为栽培稻的近缘种,在长期自然选择过程中积累了丰富的遗传多样性,被认为是挖掘新型抗病基因的重要资源。目前,针对缅甸与斯里兰卡等国际来源野生稻的规模化抗稻瘟病评价相对有限。本研究以155份来自国内外的野生稻材料为主要研究对象,采用离体戳伤叶片的方法,比较不同来源野生稻对来自四川的16个生理混合小种的抗性表现,从而筛选潜在优异抗病种质。结果显示,供试材料对四川稻瘟病混合小种呈现显著抗性分化:抗病(R+MR)材料累计达103份,占比66.4%。其中,抗性(R)材料76份(49%),中抗(MR)材料27份(17.4%)。缅甸和斯里兰卡材料的抗性(R)比例分别为57.7%和55.6%,略高于中国来源的42.9%;且斯里兰卡尼瓦拉野生稻抗病占比高达90%。综上,缅甸与斯里兰卡来源野生稻在本研究鉴定体系下表现出更高的抗性频率与更低的感病比例,可作为后续广谱抗稻瘟病基因挖掘与抗源供体筛选的优先候选材料。
Abstract: Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating global diseases threatening rice production. The development and deployment of resistant cultivars are widely regarded as the most economical and environmentally sustainable strategy for disease control. Currently, rice resistance breeding relies heavily on a limited set of known resistance genes and the genetic pool of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa). However, with the continuous evolution of pathogen populations, many existing resistances are being overcome, highlighting the urgent need to address the narrowing genetic base of resistance. Wild rice, the progenitor of cultivated rice, has accumulated extensive genetic diversity through long-term natural selection and is considered an invaluable reservoir for discovering novel resistance genes. Currently, large-scale evaluation of rice blast resistance in wild rice accessions from international sources, such as Myanmar and Sri Lanka, is relatively limited. In this study, 155 wild rice accessions from domestic and international sources were used as the main research materials,and the detached leaf puncture method was adopted to compare the resistance performance of wild rice from different sources against 16 physiological mixed races of Magnaporthe oryzae from Sichuan Province,thereby screening potential excellent disease-resistant germplasms. The results revealed significant differentiation in resistance among the tested materials: 103 accessions were classified as resistant (R+MR), accounting for 66.4% of the total. Specifically, 76 accessions (49%) exhibited high resistance (R), while 27 (17.4%) were moderately resistant (MR). The proportion of R-grade accessions from Myanmar (57.7%) and Sri Lanka(55.6%) was slightly higher than that of Chinese accessions (42.9%), with the resistance rate of Oryza nivara from Sri Lanka reaching as high as 90%. In conclusion, wild rice originating from Myanmar and Sri Lanka demonstrated higher resistance frequencies and lower susceptibility under the conditions of this study. These accessions serve as priority candidates for subsequent broad-spectrum resistance gene mining and as donors for resistance improvement in rice breeding.
