摘要
选育营养品质优良的马铃薯品种有利于加工行业的发展和人们日常膳食营养的丰富,也有利于供给侧种植结构的调整。蛋白质、维生素C和钾是马铃薯的重要营养品质性状。本研究以118份马铃薯后代品系为材料,研究了马铃薯蛋白质、维生素C和钾含量的遗传变异特征,以及3个品质性状间的相关性,并综合应用聚类分析和二维象限法进行优质品系发掘。分析表明,蛋白质、维生素C和钾含量的变异系数分别为16.34%、26.01%和14.19%,遗传多样性指数分别为1.9744、1.9952和2.0411,显示这3个品质性状具有较广泛的遗传基础。相关性分析发现,马铃薯块茎蛋白质含量和钾含量呈极显著正相关。经聚类分析,可将118份品系分为4个类群,第Ⅰ类为低蛋白低维生素C低钾群体,第Ⅱ类为高维生素C低蛋白低钾群体,第Ⅲ类为高蛋白高钾群体,第Ⅳ类为高维生素C群体。在此基础上,应用二维象限分析筛选出20份兼具多个较高营养品质的马铃薯品系。本研究筛选出营养品质性状优良且适宜在福建省种植的马铃薯品种,为马铃薯高营养品质品种选育和品质形成基础研究提供有用材料。
随着城镇化不断推进、居民生活水平不断提高以及人口老龄化的加速到来,社会对食物的消费需求逐渐从吃饱型向健康膳食型、功能型等方向转
我国马铃薯育种工作始于20世纪30年代,长期以来,高产抗病是多数育种单位主要追求的育种目
综上、针对福建省马铃薯生产中优良种质资源缺乏、品质育种水平滞后的问题,本研究以118份马铃薯优良稳定品系为材料,首先进行蛋白质、维生素C和钾含量测定和遗传变异、相关性分析,明确这3个营养品质性状的遗传变异特征,其次应用聚类分析法开展高蛋白、高维生素C和高钾品系筛选,最终为营养功能型马铃薯新品种选育提供材料基础。
试验以国内外高蛋白、高维生素C或高钾亲本资源杂交育成的后代品系为材料。根据生长势、块茎表型、生育期、产量等性状,经前期多年多点鉴定,筛选出118份优良稳定品系作为本试验研究对象(
序号 Number | 品系 Breeding line | 品系来源 Source of breeding line | 品系编号 Code of breeding line | 序号 Number | 品系 Breeding line | 品系来源 Source of breeding line | 品系编号 Code of breeding line |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 09173007 | Huckleberry × Congo | C1-1 | 40 | 09328145 | Calwhite×中薯3号 | C16-1 |
2 | 09173033 | C1-2 | 41 | 09328200 | C16-2 | ||
3 | 09173074 | C1-3 | 42 | 09328208 | C16-3 | ||
4 | 09175039 | Shetland Blue×Congo | C2-1 | 43 | 09329222 | Carlita×中薯3号 | C17-1 |
5 | 09175040 | C2-2 | 44 | 09330151 | Chieftain×郑薯6号 | C18-1 | |
6 | 09175041 | C2-3 | 45 | 09334161 | Disco×中薯3号 | C19-1 | |
7 | 09175043 | C2-4 | 46 | 09334204 | C19-2 | ||
8 | 09176001 | Congo×Adirondack Blue | C3-1 | 47 | 09348374 | Frisia×郑薯6号 | C20-1 |
9 | 09177048 | Adirondack Blue×Congo | C4-1 | 48 | 09363376 | Red Beauty×郑薯6号 | C21-1 |
10 | 09178005 | Adirondack Blue×Shetland Blue | C5-1 | 49 | 09363381 | C21-2 | |
11 | 09178055 | C5-2 | 50 | 09363416 | C21-3 | ||
12 | 09178056 | C5-3 | 51 | 09364362 | Red Beauty×中薯3号 | C22-1 | |
13 | 09178058 | C5-4 | 52 | 09364411 | C22-2 | ||
14 | 09178060 | C5-5 | 53 | 09365417 | Rose Gold×中薯3号 | C23-1 | |
15 | 09178066 | C5-6 | 54 | 09366368 | Sable×郑薯6号 | C24-1 | |
16 | 09178095 | C5-7 | 55 | 09366406 | C24-2 | ||
17 | 09178263 | C5-8 | 56 | 09366407 | C24-3 | ||
18 | 09178604 | C5-9 | 57 | 09378245 | 转心乌×F93043 | C25-1 | |
19 | 09179006 | Adirondack Blue×All Blue | C6-1 | 58 | 09407078 | Jupiter×卡它丁 | C26-1 |
20 | 09179008 | C6-2 | 59 | 09410188 | 中薯5号×转心乌 | C27-1 | |
21 | 09181083 | Kelly Blue×All Blue | C7-1 | 60 | 09411190 | 转心乌×C51 | C28-1 |
22 | 09181087 | C7-2 | 61 | 09412174 | 转心乌×Kondor | C29-1 | |
23 | 09182175 | Kelly Blue×Shetland Blue | C8-1 | 62 | 09417096 | Atlantic×GD1 | C30-1 |
24 | 09183067 | Kelly Blue×Adirondack Blue | C9-1 | 63 | 09424039 | 富薯1号×11933-1 | C31-1 |
25 | 09183070 | C9-2 | 64 | 09424071 | C31-2 | ||
26 | 09183071 | C9-3 | 65 | 09424077 | C31-3 | ||
27 | 09183072 | C9-4 | 66 | 09424083 | C31-4 | ||
28 | 09183074 | C9-5 | 67 | 09424097 | C31-5 | ||
29 | 09183098 | C9-6 | 68 | 09424300 | C31-6 | ||
30 | 09183100 | C9-7 | 69 | 09218263 | C66×C82 | C32-1 | |
31 | 09183103 | C9-8 | 70 | 2011-10-007 | H45×H65 | C33-1 | |
32 | 09183105 | C9-9 | 71 | 2011-01-013 | M15×H32 | C34-1 | |
33 | 09188103 | C62×C60 | C10-1 | 72 | 2011-15-003 | M42×H45 | C35-1 |
34 | 09301117 | C29×中薯4号 | C11-1 | 73 | 2011-19-003 | M43×M10 | C36-1 |
35 | 09312134 | C71×Kohahbuki | C12-1 | 74 | 2011-21-004 | Ca16×M42 | C37-1 |
36 | 09312138 | C12-2 | 75 | 2011-21-005 | C37-2 | ||
37 | 09319320 | C78×ND860-2 | C13-1 | 76 | 2011-21-006 | C37-3 | |
38 | 09322340 | C78×中薯3号 | C14-1 | 77 | 2011-21-008 | C37-4 | |
39 | 09325217 | C79×Sable | C15-1 | 78 | 2011-03-014 | H72×M42 | C38-1 |
79 | 2011-46-026 | H2×M8 | C39-1 | 100 | 201211008 | M60×M20 | C49-1 |
80 | 2011-46-027 | C39-2 | 101 | 201211018 | C49-2 | ||
81 | 2011-46-111 | H2×M8 | C39-3 | 102 | 201212005 | H7×M20 | C50-1 |
82 | 2011-47-054 | M48×M37 | C40-1 | 103 | 201212017 | C50-2 | |
83 | 2011-54-003 | H66×M55 | C41-1 | 104 | 201212024 | C50-3 | |
84 | 201201012 | H66×M20 | C42-1 | 105 | 201212029 | C50-4 | |
85 | 201201033 | C42-2 | 106 | 08030001 | Chieftain×Kondor | C51-1 | |
86 | 201202005 | M42×M37 | C43-1 | 107 | 08034002 | Kondor×金冠 | C52-1 |
87 | 201202019 | C43-2 | 108 | 08043005 | 转心乌×Redsen | C53-1 | |
88 | 201205027 | M60×M37 | C44-1 | 109 | 08047016 | 中薯3号×Redsen | C54-1 |
89 | 201205032 | C44-2 | 110 | 08048005 | 中薯3号×Adora | C55-1 | |
90 | 201205041 | C44-3 | 111 | 08051001 | Keswick×River John Blue | C56-1 | |
91 | 201207004 | M65×M20 | C45-1 | 112 | 08056008 | Lady Rosetta×Kennebec | C57-1 |
92 | 201207008 | C45-2 | 113 | 08056010 | C57-2 | ||
93 | 201208012 | M19×M20 | C46-1 | 114 | 08061006 | Desiree×卡它丁 | C58-1 |
94 | 201208016 | C46-2 | 115 | 08067001 | Asterix×Felsina | C59-1 | |
95 | 201209017 | H42×M26 | C47-1 | 116 | 08085008 | 金冠×389746.2 | C60-1 |
96 | 201209027 | C47-2 | 117 | 08111080 | Hertha×金冠 | C61-1 | |
97 | 201209028 | C47-3 | 118 | 08109001 | 高原4号×387415.13 | C62-1 | |
98 | 201210002 | M42×M20 | C48-1 | ||||
99 | 201210010 | C48-2 |
品系编号以字母C开头, -前后数字分别表示组合号和品系号
The code of breeding line start with the letter C, the numbers before and after - represent the cross combination number and breeding line number, respectively
试验在福建省农业科学院作物研究所现代农业科教基地进行(25°83′N,119°31′E),试验地属亚热带海洋性季风气候,土壤类型为沙壤土。采用田间随机区组试验设计,以当地主栽品种费乌瑞它为对照,每份品系为一小区,小区内按单垄单行方式种植10株材料,株距23 cm,设置3次重复。施肥、灌溉及病虫害防治等管理措施参照当地常规方法进行。于收获期取各品系新鲜块茎样品,分别采用凯氏定氮法、2,6-二氯靛酚滴定法和火焰原子吸收光谱法测定块茎蛋白质含量(干基)、维生素C含量(湿基)和钾含量(干基),每个指标测定3次。
运用Excel软件对供试群体的蛋白质含量、维生素C含量和钾含量的极值、平均值(X)、标准差(σ)、变异系数(CV)等进行计算。在此基础上,参考李嘉伟
由

图1 118份后代品系蛋白质含量、维生素C含量和钾含量的频数分布
Fig.1 Frequency distribution of protein content, vitamin C content and K content of 118 breeding lines
品质性状 Quality trait | 对照 Control | 后代品系 Breeding lines | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
最小值 Min. | 最大值 Max. | 均值 Mean | 标准差 SD | 变异系数(%) CV | 遗传多样性指数 H' | ||
蛋白质含量(%)Protein content | 11.73 | 5.65 | 14.25 | 10.88 | 1.78 | 16.34 | 1.9744 |
维生素C含量(mg/g)Vitamin C content | 0.23 | 0.13 | 0.46 | 0.25 | 0.06 | 26.01 | 1.9952 |
钾含量(%)K content | 2.42 | 1.44 | 2.98 | 2.27 | 0.32 | 14.19 | 2.0411 |
118份马铃薯后代品系蛋白质、维生素C和钾含量两两之间的相关性分析结果如

图2 马铃薯块茎蛋白质含量、维生素C含量和钾含量之间的相关关系
Fig.2 The relationship among content of protein, vitamin C and K in potato
**表示相关性极显著(P<0.01)
** indicate extremely significant correlation (P<0.01)
对118份马铃薯后代品系的3个品质性状进行聚类分析,供试材料可划分为4个类群(

图3 基于118份后代品系蛋白质含量、维生素C含量和钾含量的聚类分析结果
Fig.3 Cluster analysis diagram of protein content, vitamin C content, K content in 118 breeding lines
括号内数字表示相应类群的后代品系数量;品系编号同表1
The number in bracket is the number of breeding lines in the corresponding group; The code of breeding line is the same as table 1

图4 各类群蛋白质含量、维生素C含量和钾含量的表现
Fig.4 The average of protein content, vitamin C content and K content in different group
根据3个品质性状测定结果排序,筛选获得6份在单个品质上表现特异的品系,分别为1份高蛋白(>14%)、2份高维生素C(>0.40 mg/g)和3份高钾(>2.8%)品系(
类型 Type | 数量 Number | 品系编号 Code of breeding line | 蛋白质含量(%) Protein content | 维生素C含量(mg/g) Vitamin C content | 钾含量(%) K content |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
高蛋白 High protein | 1 | C28-1 | 14.25 | — | — |
高维生素C High vitamin C | 2 | C12-2 | — | 0.46 | — |
C48-2 | — | 0.44 | — | ||
高钾 High K | 3 | C1-2 | — | — | 2.98 |
C50-1 | — | — | 2.94 | ||
C51-1 | — | — | 2.82 | ||
高蛋白、高维生素C、高钾 High protein, High vitamin C, High K | 1 | C46-2 | 13.25 | 0.34 | 2.57 |
高蛋白、高维生素C High protein, High vitamin C | 1 | C28-1 | 14.25 | 0.36 | — |
高蛋白、高钾 High protein, High K | 5 | C1-2、C20-1、C23-1、C29-1、C44-1 | 13.13~13.69 | — | 2.47~2.98 |
高维生素C、高钾 High vitamin C, High K | 13 | C2-2、C7-2、C9-3、C12-1、C13-1、C16-3、C19-2、C31-5、C34-1、C37-3、C39-2、C48-2、C50-1 | — | 0.26~0.44 | 2.42~2.94 |

图5 基于二维象限法的优质新品系发掘结果
Fig.5 The screening results of elite quality breeding lines based on two-dimensional quadrant method
圆圈及粗体字表示筛选出的优质新品系
The circles and bold letters indicate the elite quality breeding lines
蛋白质、维生素C和钾是马铃薯的重要品质性状,其中蛋白质营养价值高,拥有较丰富的赖氨酸,可弥补水稻、小麦等主粮赖氨酸含量低的不足;而马铃薯是人类饮食中维生素C和钾的主要来源之
品质的形成与作物协同有序的初生或次生代谢过程紧密相关,不同品质性状在形成过程中可能相互影响,阐明作物品质性状间的协同变化关系,可为优质品种的选育提供理论支
要从数量较大的群体中筛选携带目标性状的材料,聚类分析是一种行之有效的统计学方法,在很多作物中得以运
本研究在聚类分析的基础上,根据单项指标排序和二维象限法分析结果,从118份后代品系中发掘出6份在单个品质上表现特异和20份兼具多个较高营养品质的优质新品系。参考前人对马铃薯品种资源蛋白质含量(9.03% DW
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