摘要
为分析40份国内小麦材料所含有的抗叶锈病基因,本研究采用16个叶锈菌生理小种对其进行基因推导,推测待测材料抗叶锈病基因组成,并利用11个与己知抗病基因紧密连锁的特异性分子标记进行验证。进一步选取5个高毒力小种制成混合菌种,在保定试验田进行成株期接菌,筛选可能含有成株慢锈基因的小麦品种。综合系谱分析、基因推导、分子标记检测结果,在待测小麦品种中检测出6个已知抗叶锈病基因(Lr1、Lr11、Lr20、Lr26、Lr30、Lr37)。其中运黑14207等10个品种含有Lr1,禾美988和百农207含有Lr11,豫麦49和百农207含有Lr20,万丰269等23个品种含有Lr26,运黑14207和郑麦103含有Lr30,漯6073等4个品种含有Lr37,并且有的品种含有未知抗叶锈病基因。田间成株期抗性鉴定筛选出漯6073等7个品种具有慢锈性。本研究明确了部分品种的基因构成,发掘了优良抗源材料,可用于抗病育种及基因聚合。
由小麦叶锈菌(Puccinia triticina)引起的小麦叶锈
一般将小麦抗叶锈性按照其抗性表型分为数量抗性和质量抗性两种。质量抗性由单个或少数主效基因控制。抗性易被克服,但受环境影响较小,广泛存在于小麦各高抗品种
目前一般利用基因推导并借助分子标记鉴定小麦抗叶锈基因。基因推导原理来源于1955年Flo
我国地广物博,自然资源丰富,先天拥有丰富的小麦抗叶锈病资源,但各品种(系)携带的抗叶锈病基因情况尚未完全了解。目前我国有效的抗叶锈基因仅有Lr9、Lr19、Lr24、Lr38、Lr47、Lr51和Lr5
菌种材料:叶锈菌的命名参照Long
小麦材料:感病对照品种郑州5389和慢锈对照品种SAAR、37个携带已知抗叶锈病基因的近等基因系由河北农业大学生防与分子植病实验室提供,40份待测小麦品种由河北省邢台市临城县农业农村局植保站提供。
将蛭石与营养土以2∶1的比例混合放进54 cm×28 cm的128孔穴盘,将40份待测小麦品种、37个近等基因系以及感病对照郑州5389以每个品种8粒按顺序种植于穴盘内,覆土后整平表面。浇水时将水倒入穴盘底部的托盘,使水分从下往上渗透,防止从上部浇水造成土壤板结。共种植16套,每1套接种1种叶锈菌生理小种。将菌种单孢纯化后扩繁,待穴盘中的小麦生长至一叶一心期时,在无菌环境下用清水轻捋叶片进行脱蜡,喷施0.05%吐温悬浮液,将繁菌所用的麦苗轻扫需接菌的植株,将16个小麦叶锈菌生理小种分别接于16套麦苗上,并对接种后的小麦进行密封黑暗保湿24 h。将保湿后的小麦放置于温室(25 ℃)培养,待郑州5389发病完全时,进行苗期侵染型鉴定。调查采用Roelfs
试验在河北省保定市试验田(38°14′29″~39°57′3″ N,113°45′32″~116°19′41″E)进行。2021年10月中旬将40份小麦材料、SAAR、郑州5389,按照行距25 cm、行长75 cm播种于试验田,每个品种种植1行(30粒左右),每10行种1行郑州5389。在垂直于播种行的两侧种植诱发行(郑州5389)。2022年4月中旬,将用于田间接种的5种混合叶锈菌生理小种制成含有0.05%吐温的叶锈菌孢子悬浮液,在小麦拔节期喷施诱发行叶片,对诱发行进行大田接菌,并用地膜覆盖保湿16 h,之后正常进行田间水肥管理。诱发行发病后会自然侵染待测材料,待感病对照品种郑州5389严重度达到80%时开始调查,侵染型按Roelfs等提出的标准。参照Peterson
参考Sharp
名称 Name | Lr基因 Lr gene | 片段大小(bp) Size | 上游引物 Forward primer (5'→3') | 下游引物 Reverse primer (5'→3') | 退火温度(℃) Annealing temperature |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
WR003 | Lr1 | 760 | GGGACAGAGACCTTGGTGGA | GACGATGATGATTTGCTGCTGG | 65.0 |
J13 | Lr9 | 1100 | TCCTTTTATTCCGCACGCCGG | CCACACTACCCCAAAGAGAG | 68.5 |
Lrk10D | Lr10 | 282 | GAAGCCCTTCGTCTCATCTG | TTGATTCATTGCAGATGAGATCACG | 60.0 |
SCS265 | Lr19 | 512 | GGCGGATAAGCAGAGCAGAG | GGCGGATAAGTGGGTTATGG | 65.0 |
SCS253 | Lr19 | 750 | GCTGGTTCCACAAAGCAAA | GGCTGGTTCCTTAGATAGGTG | 60.0 |
D14 | Lr21 | 669 | CGCTTTTACCGAGATTGGTC | TCTGGTATCTCACGAAGCCTT | 60.0 |
J09 | Lr24 | 310 | TCTAGTCTGTACATGGGGGC | TGGCACATGAACTCCATACG | 60.0 |
Glu-B3 | Lr26 | 636 | GGTACCAACAACAACAACCC | GTTGCTGCTGAGGTTGGTTC | 65.0 |
ω-secalin | Lr26 | 1076 | ACC TTCCTCATCTTTGTCCT | CCGATGCCTATACCACTACT | 65.0 |
SCS421570 | Lr28 | 570 | ACAAGGTAAGTCTCCAACCA | AGTCGACCGAGATTTTAACC | 60.0 |
OPY10 | Lr29 | 850 | GTGACCTCAGGCAATGCA | GTGACCTCAGAACCGATG | 62.0 |
csLV34 | Lr34 | 150 | GTTGGTTAAGACTGGTGATGG | TGCTTGCTATTGCTGAATAGT | 55.0 |
VENTRIUP/LN2 | Lr37 | 259 | AGGGGCTACTGACCAAGGCT | TGCAGCTACAGCAGTATGTACACAAAA | 60.0 |
40份待测小麦品种及37个近等基因系的苗期侵染型见
序号 No. | 品种(Lr基因) Varieties(Lr Genes) | 叶锈菌侵染型(Infection types to Pt pathotypes) | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FHJ | FHT | FHK | PHT | FHJT | THPS | THDP | KGTT | FHK | THTT | NHKP | PHKS | FHT | PHT | FHJ | PHKT | ||
1 | RL6092 (Lr1) | ; | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 3 | ; | ; | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 4 | ; | 3 |
2 | RL6061 (Lr2a) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2+ | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2+ | 2 | 2+ | 2 | 2+ | 2+ |
3 | RL6047 (Lr2c) | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 |
4 | RL6002 (Lr3) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
5 | RL6010 (Lr9) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ; | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
6 | RL6005 (Lr16) | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 |
7 | RL6064 (Lr24) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ; | 0 | ; | 0 | ; | 0 | ; | 0 | 0 | 0 | ; | ; | 0 |
8 | RL6078 (Lr26) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | ; | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
9 | RL6007 (Lr3ka) | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
10 | RL6053 (Lr11) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 |
11 | RL6008 (Lr17) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
12 | RL6049 (Lr30) | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2+ | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
13 | RL6051 (LrB) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 |
14 | RL6004 (Lr10) | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2+ | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
15 | RL6013 (Lr14a) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
16 | RL6009 (Lr18) | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2+ | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
17 | RL6019 (Lr2b) | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2+ | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 |
18 | RL6042 (Lr3bg) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 |
19 | RL6011 (Lr12) | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 |
20 | RL4031 (Lr13) | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 |
21 | RL6006 (Lr14b) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 |
22 | RL6052 (Lr15) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
23 | RL6040 (Lr19) | ; | 1 | ; | ; | ; | ; | ; | 1 | ; | ; | ; | ; | ; | ; | ; | ; |
24 | RL6092 (Lr20) | 3 | 1 | ; | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 3 |
25 | RL6043 (Lr21) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
26 | RL6044 (Lr22a) | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
27 | RL6012 (Lr23) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
28 | RL6080(Lr29) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ; | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ; | 1 |
29 | RL6079 (Lr28) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2+ | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ; | ; |
30 | RL6084(Lr25) | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2+ | ; | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
31 | RL6057 (Lr33) | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 |
32 | E84018 (Lr36) | 2+ | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2+ | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2+ | 4 | 3 | 2+ | 3 | 2+ | 3 |
33 | KS86NGRC02 (Lr39) | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
34 | C98.006 (Lr47) | ; | ; | 0 | 2+ | 0 | 2+ | 2+ | ; | ; | 2+ | 2 | 2 | ; | 2 | 0 | 2 |
35 | RL6144 (Lr45) | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
36 | C78.5 (Lr51) | ; | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
37 | KS91WGRC11 (Lr42) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2+ | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2+ | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
38 | 郑州5389 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
39 | 济麦22 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 |
40 | 万丰269 | 2 | 2+ | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2+ | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 |
41 | 泰禾麦2号 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | ; | 1 | 2+ | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 |
42 | 存麦5号 | 2+ | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2+ | 3 | 3 | ; | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2+ | 4 |
43 | 驻麦762 | 2+ | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2+ | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2+ | 4 | 2 | 2+ | 4 | 2 | 4 |
44 | 偃育898 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | ; | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 |
45 | 中育1211 | 2+ | 3 | 2+ | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ; | 2+ | 2+ | 4 | 2 | 2+ | 2+ | 1 | 3 |
46 | 郑麦158 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | ; | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 |
47 | 新麦18 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
48 | 紫麦19 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
49 | 运黑14207 | ; | ; | ; | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2+ | 1 | ; | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 |
50 | 秦紫2号 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | ; | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 |
51 | 秦蓝3号 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
52 | 灵绿麦1号 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2+ | 3 |
53 | 秦紫4号 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | ; | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
54 | 兰考184 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | ; | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 |
55 | 中育9307 | 3 | 2 | 2+ | 3 | 2 | 4 | 3 | ; | 2+ | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 3 |
56 | 百农418 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | ; | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
57 | 中麦875 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | ; | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 |
58 | 豫农186 | 3 | 4 | 2+ | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | ; | 2+ | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2+ | 4 |
59 | 豫麦21 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
60 | 烟农19 | ; | ; | 1 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 4 | ; | ; | 4 | 4 | 4 | ; | 4 | 1 | 4 |
61 | 漯6073 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 |
62 | 濮麦9号 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 |
63 | 豫麦49 | 1 | ; | ; | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ; | ; | 4 | 4 | 3 | ; | 3 | ; | 3 |
64 | 赛德麦8号 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 |
65 | 济麦20 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
66 | 禾美988 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2+ | 2+ | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
67 | 周麦37号 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | ; | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
68 | 郑育麦9987 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2+ | 3 | 2+ | 0 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 |
69 | 郑麦103 | 0 | ; | 0 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2+ | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
70 | 徐麦14017 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
71 | 百农207 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2+ | 2+ | 2+ | 2+ | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2+ | 2 | 2+ |
72 | 丰德存麦1号 | 4 | 2+ | 3 | 3 | 2+ | 2 | 3 | ; | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2+ | 3 | 4 | 2 | 4 |
73 | 西农501 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
74 | 泛麦5号 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | ; | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
75 | 豫麦34 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
76 | 周麦36号 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | ; | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2+ | 1 | 4 | ; | 3 |
77 | 枣乡158 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | ; | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
78 | 荃麦725 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
;:表示侵染型轻于1级,下同;+:表示小麦材料侵染程度比该等级的正常情况高;①、②:区分密码命名一致的叶锈菌生理小种
;:Indicates the infestation type is lighter than grade 1,the same as below;+:Indicates that the infection degree of the wheat material was higher than the normal situation of this grade;①,②:Distinguishing Puccinia triticina (Pt) races with consistent password naming
40份待测小麦品种系谱、基因推导结果详见
编号 No. | 品种 Varieties | 最早审定时间 First approval time | 最早审定编号 First approval No. | 审定单位 First approval department | 是否转基因 Genetically modified or not | 推广年份 Promotion time | 推广面积(h Promotion area | 系谱 Pedigree | 基因推导 Gene postulation | 分子标记检测 Gene marker detection |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 济麦22 | 2006 | 国审麦2006018 | 国家 | 否 | 2006-2016 | 16853333.33 | 935024/935106系统选育 | ‒ | ‒ |
2 | 万丰269 | 2020 | 国审麦20200012 | 国家 | 否 | 暂无 | 暂无 | 新麦26//西农979/济麦20 | Lr26、+ | Lr26 |
3 | 泰禾麦2号 | 2019 | 国审麦20190018 | 国家 | 否 | 暂无 | 暂无 | 周麦22/花培5号//周麦22 | Lr26、+ | Lr26 |
4 | 存麦5号 | 2014 | 国审麦2014003 | 国家 | 否 | 暂无 | 暂无 | 周麦16/郑麦366 | Lr26、+ | Lr26 |
5 | 驻麦762 | 2021 | 国审麦20210035 | 国家 | 否 | 暂无 | 暂无 | 04中36/矮抗58 | Lr26、+ | Lr26 |
6 | 偃育898 | 2007 | 豫审麦2007007 | 河南省 | 否 | 2010‒2012 | 38000 | 贵农25-8/豫麦18 | Lr26 | Lr26 |
7 | 中育1211 | 2017 | 豫审麦2017006 | 河南省 | 否 | 暂无 | 暂无 | 中育12/矮抗58 | Lr26、+ | Lr26 |
8 | 郑麦158 | 2019 | 豫审麦20190058 | 河南省 | 否 | 暂无 | 暂无 | (Bigeaz-250/96)/周麦16//SP郑麦366 | Lr26 | Lr26 |
9 | 新麦18 | 2003 | 豫审麦2003008 | 河南省 | 否 | 暂无 | 暂无 | (C6/新乡3577)F3d1s//新麦9号 | ‒ | ‒ |
10 | 紫麦19 | 2013 | 皖麦2013001 | 安徽省 | 否 | 2015‒2016 | 127333.33 | 烟农19/潍麦8号 | ‒ | ‒ |
11 | 运黑14207 | 2018 | 晋审麦20180016 | 陕西省 | 否 | 暂无 | 暂无 | 冬丰703/河东乌麦526 | Lr1、Lr26、Lr30 | Lr1 |
12 | 秦紫2号 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Lr26 | Lr1、Lr26 |
13 | 秦蓝3号 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ‒ | Lr1 |
14 | 灵绿麦1号 | 2019 | 豫审麦20190061 | 河南省 | 否 | 暂无 | 暂无 | 中普绿麦1号/中普6号 | Lr26、+ | Lr26 |
15 | 秦紫4号 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Lr26 | Lr1、Lr26 |
16 | 兰考184 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Lr26 | Lr26 |
17 | 中育9307 | 2014 | 豫审麦2014007 | 河南省 | 否 | 2016 | 14666.67 | 矮败小麦//周麦16/04中36 | Lr26、+ | Lr26 |
18 | 百农418 | 2015 | 豫审麦2015014 | 河南省 | 否 | 暂无 | 暂无 | 周麦18/矮抗58//矮抗58 | Lr26 | Lr26 |
19 | 中麦875 | 2014 | 豫审麦2014027 | 河南省 | 否 | 2016 | 9333.33 | 周麦16/荔垦4号 | Lr26 | Lr1、Lr26 |
20 | 豫农186 | 2017 | 豫审麦2017002 | 河南省 | 否 | 暂无 | 暂无 | 周麦16/豫农202 | Lr26、+ | Lr26 |
21 | 豫麦21 | 1994 | GS02001-1993 | 国家 | 否 | 1995‒2005 | 4783333.33 | (百农791/豫麦2号)/(鲁麦1号/偃师4号) | ‒ | ‒ |
22 | 烟农19 | 2001 | 鲁农审字[2001]001号 | 山东省 | 否 | 2002‒2015 | 2439333.33 | 陕82-29/烟1933 | Lr1、Lr26 | Lr1 |
23 | 漯6073 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 核不育轮回群体Ⅱ中选择 | + | Lr37 |
24 | 濮麦9号 | 2004 | 豫审麦2004009 | 河南省 | 否 | 2005‒2015 | 302666.67 | (徐州174/内乡183)F1/豫麦24 | ‒ | Lr1 |
25 | 豫麦49 | 2000 | 国审麦20000006 | 国家 | 否 | 1998‒2007 | 4960666.67 | 温麦6号变异株多年多点试验选育 | Lr1、Lr26、Lr20 | Lr1 |
26 | 赛德麦8号 | 2019 | 豫审麦20190003 | 河南省 | 否 | 暂无 | 暂无 | 矮抗58/周优102//郑麦366 | ‒ | ‒ |
27 | 济麦20号 | 2003 | 鲁农审字[2003]029号 | 山东省 | 否 | 2003‒2014 | 282666.67 | 鲁麦14/884187 | ‒ | Lr26 |
28 | 禾美988 | 2019 | 豫审麦20190002 | 河南省 | 否 | 暂无 | 暂无 | 天民198/周98165 | Lr11 | Lr37 |
29 | 周麦37号 | 2022 | 国审麦20220040 | 国家 | 否 | 暂无 | 暂无 | 周麦28号钴60辐射 | Lr26、+ | Lr26 |
30 | 郑育麦9987 | 2007 | 豫审麦2007003 | 河南省 | 否 | 2009‒2014 | 380000 | 豫麦21/豫麦2号//豫麦57 | Lr26、+ | Lr26 |
31 | 郑麦103 | 2014 | 豫审麦2014019 | 河南省 | 否 | 暂无 | 暂无 | 周麦13/D8904-7-1//郑麦004 | Lr1、Lr26、Lr30、+ | Lr1、Lr26 |
32 | 徐麦14017 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 徐7048/徐7086 | ‒ | ‒ |
33 | 百农207 | 2013 | 国审麦2013010 | 国家 | 否 | 2014‒2016 | 548666.67 | 周麦16/百农64 | Lr11、Lr20、Lr26、+ | Lr26、Lr37 |
34 | 丰德存麦1号 | 2011 | 国审麦2011004 | 国家 | 否 | 2013‒2016 | 334000 | 周9811/矮抗58 | Lr26、+ | Lr26 |
35 | 西农501 | 2020 | 国审麦20200020 | 国家 | 否 | 暂无 | 暂无 | 西农509/H8-4 | ‒ | ‒ |
36 | 泛麦5号 | 2005 | 国审麦2005007 | 国家 | 否 | 2007‒2016 | 1363333.33 | 冀5418/京泛309//周麦13 | Lr26 | Lr26 |
37 | 豫麦34 | 1998 | 国审麦980015 | 国家 | 否 | 1996‒2009 | 3412666.67 | 矮丰3号/孟201//牛株特///豫麦2号 | ‒ | ‒ |
38 | 周麦36号 | 2018 | 国审麦20180042 | 国家 | 否 | 暂无 | 暂无 | 矮抗58/周麦19//周麦22 | Lr1、Lr26、+ | Lr1 |
39 | 枣乡158 | 2015 | 豫审麦2015003 | 国家 | 否 | 暂无 | 暂无 | 矮抗58/同舟麦916 | Lr26 | Lr26 |
40 | 荃麦725 | 2016 | 皖麦2016010 | 安徽省 | 否 | 暂无 | 暂无 | 皖麦19/徐麦25//皖麦44///宿043 | ‒ | Lr37 |
NA表示未知,‒表示未推导或标记未检测出抗叶锈病基因,+表示含有未知基因;品种信息数据来源于中国种业大数据平台
NA indicates unknown,‒ indicates that the leaf rust resistance gene is not detected by gene deduction or molecular marker, and + indicates that it contains an unknown gene;Cultivars information comes from the big data platform of China's seed industry
引物Lr1-WR003在运黑14207、秦紫2号、秦蓝3号、秦紫4号、中麦875等共10份供试小麦材料中检测到760 bp的目的条带,说明这些品种含有Lr1(

图1 Lr1分子标记检测部分结果
Fig.1 Molecular marker detection of part of Lr1 gene
M: DNA Marker;Z: 郑州5389(下同);1: 济麦22;2: 万丰269;3: 泰禾麦2号;4: 存麦5号;5: 驻麦762;6: 偃育898;7: 中育1211;8: 郑麦158;9: 新麦18;10: 紫麦19;11: 运黑14207;12: 秦紫2号;13: 秦蓝3号;14: 灵绿麦1号;15: 秦紫4号;16: 兰考184
M: DNA Marker; Z: Zhengzhou 5389(the same as below); 1: Jimai 22; 2: Wanfeng 269; 3: Taihemai 2; 4: Cunmai 5; 5: Zhumai 762; 6: Yanyu 898; 7: Zhongyu 1211; 8: Zhengmai 158; 9: Xinmai 18; 10: Zimai 19; 11: Yunhei 14207; 12: Qinzi 2; 13: Qinlan 3; 14: Linglyumai 1; 15: Qinzi 4; 16: Lankao 184
利用与Lr26紧密连锁的正负相关STS引物ω-secalin和Glu-B3对40份供试小麦材料进行分子标记检测,在万丰269、泰禾麦2号、存麦5号、驻麦762、偃育898、中育1211、郑麦158等共23个品种中检测到Lr26(

图2 Lr26 分子标记检测部分结果
Fig.2 Molecular marker detection of part of Lr26 gene
+:有此基因;-:无此基因;下同;1:漯6073;2:濮麦9号;3:豫麦49;4:赛德麦8号;5:济麦20;6:禾美988;7:周麦37号;8:郑育麦9987;9:郑麦103;10:徐麦14017;11:百农207;12:丰德存麦1号;13:西农501;14:泛麦5号;15:豫麦34;16:周麦36号
+:Having this gene;-:No such gene;The same as below;1: Luo 6073; 2: Pumai 9; 3: Yumai 49; 4: Saidemai 8; 5: Jimai 20; 6: Hemei 988; 7: Zhoumai 37; 8: Zhengyumai 9987; 9: Zhengmai 103; 10: Xumai 14017; 11: Bainong 207; 12: Fengdecunmai 1; 13: Xinong 501; 14: Fanmai 5; 15: Yumai 34; 16: Zhoumai 36

图3 Lr9、Lr10、Lr19、Lr21、Lr24、Lr28、Lr29、Lr34分子标记检测部分结果
Fig.3 Molecular marker detection of part of Lr9、Lr10、Lr19、Lr21、Lr24、Lr28、Lr29、Lr34 gene
1: 济麦22;2: 万丰269;3: 泰禾麦2号;4: 存麦5号;5: 驻麦762;6: 偃育898;7: 中育1211;8: 郑麦158
1: Jimai 22; 2: Wanfeng 269; 3: Taihemai 2; 4: Cunmai 5; 5: Zhumai 762; 6: Yanyu 898; 7: Zhongyu 1211; 8: Zhengmai 158
Lr34、Lr37为成株期抗病基因,在苗期表现感病,不做苗期基因推导,其分子标记检测结果表明40份小麦待测材料中均不含Lr34(

图4 Lr37分子标记检测部分结果
Fig.4 Molecular marker detection of part of L37 gene
1:豫麦49;2:赛德麦8号;3:济麦20;4:禾美988;5:周麦37号;6:郑育麦9987;7:郑麦103;8:徐麦14017;9:百农207;10:丰德存麦1号;11:西农501;12:泛麦5号;13:豫麦34;14:周麦36号;15:枣乡158;16:荃麦725
1: Yumai 49; 2: Saidemai 8; 3: Jimai 20; 4: Hemei 988; 5: Zhoumai 37; 6: Zhengyumai 9987; 7: Zhengmai 103; 8: Xumai 14017; 9: Bainong 207; 10: Fengdecunmai 1; 11: Xinong 501; 12: Fanmai 5; 13: Yumai 34; 14: Zhoumai 36; 15: Zaoxiang 158; 16: Quanmai 725
感病对照郑州5389发病完全后进行田间成株期病害鉴定,结果(
编号 No. | 品种 Varieties | 侵染型 Infection types | 最终严重度(%) FDS | 编号 No. | 品种 Varieties | 侵染型 Infection types | 最终严重度(%) FDS | 编号 No. | 品种 Varieties | 侵染型 Infection types | 最终严重度(%) FDS | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | SAAR | 4 | 3 | 15 | 秦蓝3号 | 4 | 70 | 29 | 济麦20号 | 4 | 80 | ||
2 | 郑州5389 | 4 | 80 | 16 | 灵绿麦1号 | 4 | 40 | 30 | 禾美988 | 4 | 20 | ||
3 | 济麦22 | 4 | 50 | 17 | 秦紫4号 | ; | 10 | 31 | 周麦37号 | 1 | 50 | ||
4 | 万丰269 | 4 | 40 | 18 | 兰考184 | 4 | 70 | 32 | 郑育麦9987 | 3 | 60 | ||
5 | 泰禾麦2号 | ; | 10 | 19 | 中育9307 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 郑麦103 | 3 | 20 | ||
6 | 存麦5号 | 2 | 20 | 20 | 百农418 | 4 | 80 | 34 | 徐麦14017 | 1 | 20 | ||
7 | 驻麦762 | 1 | 20 | 21 | 中麦875 | 2 | 30 | 35 | 百农207 | 4 | 20 | ||
8 | 偃育898 | 3 | 60 | 22 | 豫农186 | 1 | 20 | 36 | 丰德存麦1号 | 4 | 70 | ||
9 | 中育1211 | ; | 20 | 23 | 豫麦21 | 3 | 70 | 37 | 西农501 | 1 | 20 | ||
10 | 郑麦158 | 2 | 50 | 24 | 烟农19 | 4 | 60 | 38 | 泛麦5号 | 4 | 80 | ||
11 | 新麦18 | 2 | 30 | 25 | 漯6073 | 4 | 10 | 39 | 豫麦34 | 4 | 20 | ||
12 | 紫麦19 | 4 | 80 | 26 | 濮麦9号 | 4 | 70 | 40 | 周麦36号 | 4 | 10 | ||
13 | 运黑14207 | 1 | 10 | 27 | 豫麦49 | 1 | 60 | 41 | 枣乡158 | 4 | 30 | ||
14 | 秦紫2号 | 2 | 40 | 28 | 赛德麦8号 | 4 | 80 | 42 | 荃麦725 | 4 | 20 |
FDS: Final disease severity
运用苗期基因推导法,并结合分子标记检测验证及系谱分析,在40份小麦材料中检测出6个已知抗叶锈病基因(Lr1、Lr11、Lr20、Lr26、Lr30、Lr37),部分品种还推导出含有未知抗叶锈病基因。这些基因多以单基因或多基因聚合的形式存在于待测小麦品种中。以上检测出来的基因除成株抗叶锈病基因Lr37以外在田间已基本丧失抗性,因此应在生产品种中聚合更多的有效抗病基因,抑制小麦叶锈病流行。基因推导法快速简便,可以鉴定新的抗叶锈病基因或者未知抗病基因组合,但易受环境、人为鉴定的影响出现误差,因此基因推导应与分子标记检测相结合,确保基因鉴定结果的准确性。
Lr1在我国小麦品种中广泛存在,但根据近些年的研究,我国叶锈菌生理小种已逐渐变异进化,该基因的抗性逐年降低。该基因单独存在时成株期已经对大多数流行小种丧失抗性,但与其他基因聚合时,则可以发挥“残余”抗病性。Kolme
本研究利用基因推导结合分子标记检测,检测出在运黑14207等10个品种含有Lr1,占供试材料的25%。其中秦紫2号、秦蓝3号、秦紫4号、中麦875、濮麦9号利用分子标记检测出Lr1的特异性条带,但基因推导时均未推导出Lr1,这些品种的Lr1基因已丧失抗性,根据师丽红
Lr11起源于普通小麦,定位于2A染色体,2002年陈万权
Lr20源于普通小麦,定位于7AL,经研究证明,此基因常与Pm1和Sr15共
Lr26源于黑麦,以1BL/1RS异位形式存在于1RS染色
根据系谱分析,含有Lr26的品种中,泰禾麦2号的遗传背景有周麦22。存麦5号、郑麦158、中育9307、中麦875、豫农186、百农207的遗传背景均有周麦16,郑麦103、泛麦5号的亲本中含有周麦13,驻麦762、中育1211、百农418、丰德存麦1号、枣乡158的遗传背景含有矮抗58,而矮抗58的遗传背景含有周麦11。周麦22、周麦16、周麦13、周麦11都是周8425B的衍生系,周8425B的遗传背景含有携带抗叶锈病基因Lr26的1B/1R易位系品种山前
Lr30定位于4AL,来源于普通小麦,倾向于隐性遗
成株期抗病性鉴定不仅体现待测品种的实际抗病能力,还可为田间生产提供良好的抗源材
分子标记检测发现这7个品种中有4个品种(漯6073、禾美988、百农207、荃麦725)含有Lr37成株抗叶锈病基因。Lr37最初在偏凸山羊草(Aegilops ventricosa Tausch (Gramineae))的衍生系小麦品种VPM1中被发现,位于2A
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