The aim of rapeseed quality improvement has been to reduce erucic acid content in the oil and glucosinolate content in the meal since 1960s in the world.The aim has also been modified successively.For the edible rapeseed oil,to increase oleic acid, linoleic acid contents and to decrease saturated fatty acids,linolenic acid contents in the oil is a major goal for the coming years in order to make it as the healthiest edible oil.For the industrial purpose,to breed high erucic acid rapeseed (HEAR)and high mid-length fatty acids cultivars has been done.With the conventional breeding combining effectively with biotechnology as well as with the heterosis utilization,the improvement will enter a new stage.