Soybean(Glycine max)production varieties and germplasm from 14 Chinese major planting provinces in the year of 2002 have been investigated with regard to protein and fat contents . The investigation showed that the average protein and fat content of soybean germplasm appeared to be higher than those of the varieties used in production ,respectively. The range of fat content of germplasm was so broad as to exhibit superior selective advantage in soybean breeding for higher fat contents. The average protein content of the domestic soybean germplasm was higher than that of germplasm introduced from abroad, and the average fat content of germplasm from abroad was higher than the domestic germplasm .The average protein content of the soybean varieties from the Huanghuaihai ecological region seemed to be higher than that of varieties from the northern ecological region.However, the average protein content of soybean varieties used in production from the Huanghuaihai ecological region at present proved to be lower than that of newly bred testing varieties in the same region .The same varieties planted in different locations varied greatly in respect of fat contents.