Genetic diversity of 61 samples, including 17 Brassica oleracea L. and 44 Brassica carnpestris L. cultivars, was estimated by SSR markers and agronomic traits. The UPGMA results showed that 61 samples were divided into 2 groups, Brassica oleracea L. and Brassica campestris L.. Further analysis of UPGMA results indicated that genetic variation of Brassica oleracea was more abundant than that of Brassica carnpestris, so it is necessary to protect the existing germplasm of Brassica carnpestris, and to overcome genetic erosion. The study ended with indication that analysis of the genetic diversity of vegetable plants based on both SSR markers and agronomic traits was more efficient and exact than that based on either one.