In this paper, Species diversity and genetic diversity of crop germplasm resources in China were summarized. The 8 kinds: food crop, economic crop, vegetable crop, fruit crop, forage and manure crop, flower crop, medicine crop and forest crop in China, according to agronomy and use were differentiated. Totally 840 kinds of crops in China were gathered, including 1251 cultivated species and 3308 species of their relatives, they are subordinate to 176 families and 619 genera, the rich species diversity of crop germplasm resources in China were identified. Fairly rich of genetic diversity of crop germplasm resources in China, according to very much types or varieties and heavy variation range of character of crop in China were expounded. This paper would provide the base to collection, conservation, effectively use, creation, classification and genetic research of crop germplasm resources in China.