Australian family test was conducted for the purpose of evaluating the genetic characters of Chinese sugarcane parents and the matching effect of cross combination. The genetic variance and general combining ability (GCA) of sugarcane parents and the special combining ability (SCA) of the cross combination was estimated by the R software. The results showed that brix was controlled primarily by female additive genes effects，and cane yield was mainly controlled by female additive genes effects and non-additive genes effects，while plant height, stalk diameter and tiller number were controlled by male and female additive genes effects and non-additive genes effects．In the case that CP88-2143,ROC10,ROC26,guitang00-122, yuetang00-318,and yunzhe99-113 were used as female parent,neijiang57-416, yacheng93-26, yuetang91-976 and yuetang00-319 were used as male parents , their hybrid progenys exhibited high yield and high sugar content, these parents can used in breeding for sugar and energy.Accord to the special combining ability(SCA) effects of cross combination. The combination CP88-2143 ×Yuetang00-319, ROC10×Yuetang91-976, ROC26×Yacheng93-26,Guitang00-122×ROC22,Yuetang91-976×ROC22,Yuetang93-159×neijiang57-416,Yunzhe99-113×CP84-1198 showed excellent comprehensive character