Evaluation of maize germplasm resources is a basis for genetic improvement and breeding in maize. In this study, genetic diversity of 70 parental inbred lines of 47 maize hybrids authorized in Guizhou province since 2000 was analyzed by using 88 simple repeat sequence (SSR) markers equably distributed in genome and screened from 251 SSR markers through whole genome. Four hundred sixty six alleles were detected across 88 SSR loci; 5.31 (2-18) per locus, averagely. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.586 (0.213-0.965) per locus. This showed that the genetic diversity of inbred lines tested was relatively plentiful. The 70 inbreds could be classified into three groups by POPTREE software (Windows version). The 1st Group included 8 inbred lines mainly with temperate germplasm of Reid, Lancaster, etc.. The 2nd Group had 11 inbreds mainly with temperate germplasm of PN78599, Reid, Lancaster, etc.. The 3rd Group possessed 51 lines, and could be sorted into A and B sub-group which could be again divided into B1 and B2 sub-sub-groups. A Sub-group with 10 lines had chiefly temperate local germplasm. B1 Sub-sub-group with 19 lines bore basically sub-tropical local germplasm of Guizhou, and B2 Sub-sub-group with 22 lines tropical Suwan germplasm from Suwan Farm in Thailand. An analysis of hybrid vigor utilization indicated that two heterotic groups of B1 and B2 were principally applied to maize breeding in Guizhou during the recent decade, relating to higher percentage of polymorphic loci and allelic mean number of SSR loci within B1 and B2. It is necessary to reinforce researches of germplasm enhancement, improvement and innovation in that less of germplasm types used in Guizhou.