Polygala fallax Hemsl is the precious Chinese medicinal herbs of the South China,which commonly used in folk. Quadrat survey method used for sanming Polygala fallax hemsl community in Fujian province, the surroundings plant’s composition, community structure and species diversity has carried on the analysis. Results showed that in 26 plots, in the total 2600 m2 type places, communities there are 205 kinds of vascular plant in 167 genera, belonging to 89 families. Seed plants flora composition divided into 12 distributions and 8 variants, tropical plants are a slight superiority and accounted for 57.85% of the total genera; 40.7% of genera are mesothermophytic. The biological spectrum analysis demonstrate that the plant composition was mainly phanerophyte, include liana, which occupies 58.53%, with high dominant of microphanerophyte and nanophanerophyte; the hemicryptophyte and chamaephyte take a large proportion, dominated by ferns and perennial herbaceous plants, while geophyte and therophyte are rare. Vertical structure is divided into communities of trees, shrubs, herbaceous layer. Species richness, Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index analysis suggests that: The characteristics of vertical structure diversity are herb layer > shrub layer > tree layer > layer outermost, the diversity index of herbaceous layer were significantly greater than other levels. These provide reference to select a suitable environment for artificial cultivation of Polygala fallax, so as to make recommendations for development and resource protection.