The genetic effects of 11 agronomic traits were analyzed using an additive-dominance-epistasis model in incomplete diallel cross (NCII) design experiment. A total of 30 crosses were derived from 5 aromatic soft rice landraces in Yunnan as female parents and 6 own-breeding aromatic soft maintenance lines as male parents. The results showed that most agronomic traits of aromatic soft rice were affected by additive × additive epistasis, additive × environment interaction and dominance × environment interaction, and the additive effect and dominance effect were detected at different levels. Yield per plant was affected by gene additive effect, dominance effect, additive × additive epistasis, additive × environment interaction, dominance × environment interaction. The general narrow sense heritability of plant height and panicle number was predominant and the other traits of the general narrow sense heritability and interactive narrow sense heritability have significance at 0.01 level; The genetic correlation among yield components were detected at different types and levels, and the genetic correlation among most traits were mainly affected by additive × additive epistasis, additive × environment interaction, and dominance × environment interaction.