148 lines of kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) from germplasm resource and advanced generation were selected randomly to analyze the performance characteristic and correlation of oil, protein, glucosinolates and seven fatty acid compositions in mature seed. The results showed that the average contents of oil and protein were 29.48% and 45.13% respectively, and total content of oil plus protein was 74.61%. The variation range of glucosinolates was maximum and its coefficient of variation reached 31.72%. Among seven fatty acid composition, the contents of oleic acid and erucic acid were higher, followed by linoleic acid, and palmitic acid and stearic acid were lower in mature seed. Except glucosinolates and stearic acid, the rest 9 traits presented a single-peak normal distribution. Correlation analysis indicated that significant or very significant correlations were existent among the most quality traits and this was similar to the results of three types of rapeseed. There were some excellent germplasm resources in kale and they could be utilized directly in breeding of high quality rapeseed.