Grain number per spike is one of the three main factors determining crop yield, so producing novel germplasm with large kernel number through distant hybridization has important significance for broadening the genetic basic and improving the breeding level continuously. Thirty one of Wheat-Agropyron cristatum derivative lines chosen in the study have the characteristic of large grain number, which were verified by multi-places and multi-years test. The evaluation of the powdery mildew resistance through inoculating the popular physiological race E09, the HMW-GS composition analysis by SDS-PAGE, and the investigation of agronomic traits were carried out. The results showed that 26 lines had powdery mildew resistance, and 12 lines had the desirable subunits compositions (2*, 7+8, 5+10) or (1, 7+8, 5+10). In comprehensiveness, 8 lines of them had characteristic of grain number per spike more than 80, height under 75cm, as well as the characteristics of powder mildew resistance and high quality subunits compositions. These lines provided the important materials for wheat breeding in super-high-yield, high quality and disease resistance. In addition, the possibility of the sources and utilizations of large kernel number, disease resistance and the quality subunits were discussed.