The study aimed to evaluate the Ascochyta blight resistance of 25 chickpea varieties through artificial inoculation by Ascochyta rabiei spore suspension both in lab and outdoors. At the same time, the genotype of these chickpea varieties’ were identified by RAPD amplification and the genetic relationship among these chickpea varieties were analyzed by NTSYSpc 2.10t software. Results of resistance identification showed that: “xixuan 03” and “216” have a stable R level of resistance and “beiyuanchun” has a MR level of resistance to Ascochyta blight respectively. In genetic relationship analysis by RAPD amplification: 129 DNA bands were amplified from these 25 chickpea varieties in total, 67 of these 129 bands were polymorphic, and the ratio of polymorphic fragments was about 51.94%. Genetic similarity coefficient among these 25 chickpea varieties were 0.3731-0.9254. Combined with disease resistance identification results and genetic polymorphism analysis, there were no significant relevance between the resistance to Ascochyta blight and the genetic relationship of these tested chickpea varieties by analysis of variance.