For scientific evaluation of germplasm resource in Capsicum frutescens in China, eight representative accessions were selected to assess the agronomic traits and analyze the resistance to Phytophthora capsici. The result showed: the accessions in C. frutescens in China had strong growth with plant height above 1.0 m, broad leaves, white green flowers and erect and upward fruits. Average fruit weight was 0.51g - 2.04 g and the mean value was 1.26g. The total content of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin was 565.00 mg/kg - 1821.00 mg/kg, the average content was 1328.33 mg/kg, which was 406 times higher than that in C. annuum B9431. The resources in C. frutescens in China showed middle resistance until high resistance to phytophthora capsici, and wild C. frutescens H108 in Hainan province possessed high resistance to the disease. Principal component analysis based on phenotypic data could separate C. frutescens accessions in China from the same species accession in American and C. annuum accession. This study lays a theoretical reference for the discovery and utilization of elite genes in C. frutescens in China.