Thousand fruit weight, the kernel weight of 100 grains, the shell weight of 100 grains, rate of shell, the flavonoid contents of kernel and shell of 171 tartary buckwheat landraces, were investigated to survey their genetic variation through frequency distribution, correlation, cluster analysis. The results showed large variation in the thousand fruit weight, the kernel weight of 100 grains, the shell weight of 100 grains, rate of shell, the flavonoid contents of kernel and shell. And their variation ranges are 21.73-42.13 g, 0.974-2.606 g, 0.468-1.363 g, 17.594-38.017 %, 1.008-4.368 % and 0.002-0.986 %, respectively, with the average of 29.43 g, 1.988 g, 0.729 g, 24.702 %, 2.019 % and 0.144 %, respectively. The analysis showed very significant correlations between the thousand fruit weight and the kernel weight of 100 grains (r12=0.579**, r12. other =0.315**) , the thousand fruit weight and shell weight of 100 grains (r13=0.746**, r13. other =0.989**), the thousand fruit weight and rate of shell(r14 = 0.216**, r14. other = -0.980**), shell weight of 100 grains and rate of shell (r34= 0.807**, r34.other = 0.993**), respectively. There were significant correlations between kernel weight and shell weight of 100 grains (r23 =0.521**), kernel weight of 100 grains and rate of shell (r24= 0.247**), rate of shell and the flavonoid content in shell (r46= 0.187*), respectively. The clustering divided 171 tartary buckwheat accessions into 5 clusters, meanwhile six traits are gathered to 3 clusters. Some accessions with high thousand fruit weight or high flavonoid content of kernel and shell were screened out. The above results provided clues for tartary buckwheat genetics and breeding parent matching.