Abstract: 90 Dioscorea polystachya Turcz. germplasm resources were screened using 30 pairs of polymorphic SRAP primer combinations. The amplification plot contained 722 points, including 581 polymorphic sites with a proportion of 80.47 %. Every primer combination could detect 3 to 30 polymorphic sites and each primer pair could identify 6 to 51 resources. DNA data analysis software was adopted to analyze polymorphic sites and build box fingerprint of Dioscorea polystachya Turcz. Germplasm. The box fingerprint could reflect the relationship of primer pair, resources and polymorphic sites, clearly. Then, DNA digital fingerprint of Dioscorea polystachya Turcz. germplasm resources was formed according to the 1/0 string encoding with the presence or absence of bands using 21 polymorphic sites from 10 pairs of SRAP primer combinations. The DNA digital fingerprint could identify 82 Dioscorea polystachya Turcz. germplasm resources from 90. These fingerprints were useful in the next variety identification and protection, evaluation and utilization of germplasm resources, molecular marker-assisted breeding of Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.