Based on the approaches of ethnobotany and taxonomy, the traditional medicinal market of the Dragon-boat Festival in Bijie region, a city in Guizhou province, Southwest China, was investigated and reported. The medicinal plants collected and sold by the local people were diverse. More than 250 medicinal plant species were interviewed and recorded bye five times, in which 131 species belonging to 55 families and 121 genera were identified by taxonomists. An inventory of 131 medicinal plants was documented in the present paper, including names (eg. local name if available), part used, uses and prepared methods. Suggestions for sustainable development of the traditional medicinal market in Bijie were proposed.