The miR-171 gene family of soybean (gma-miR-171) was searched in miRbase using bioinformatics method in this study. Molecular evolution of gma-miR-171 gene family was analyzed and their target genes were predicted. The results showed that, 21 sequences of gma-miR-171 gene family were found in miRBase. Sequences analysis revealed that the gma-miR-171 gene family had low conservation. Only 2 bases were conserved completely. Gene location suggested that 21 gma-miR-171 genes were distributed in 12 chromosomes. Among them, Chr06 had the most gma-miR-171 genes distribution, and there were 4 gma-miR-171 genes locating in Chr06. Evolution analysis showed that the genes located in the same chromosome did not have nearer phylogenetic relationship than other gma-miR-171 genes. Gene predicting found 14 target genes of gma-miR-171 gene family, including proteinase, phosphatase, exportin, transcription factor. These findings suggest that gma-miR-171 gene family plays significant roles in soybean.