Based on 14 agronomic traits, the information of 663 germplasm resources of common bean stored in Shanxi Gene Bank were used to construct the primary core collections. In this paper, the different combinations of grouping rules, sampling proportion and total sampling amount were compared. As a result, the combination of geographical origins, proportions of square root and 20 percent of total sampling amount was used. Meanwhile, the germplasm resources including extreme characters were selected and eventually 152 common beans were confirmed as the primary core collections of Shanxi germplasm resources of common bean. By means of the diversity analysis, comparison of means, extreme value, variable amplitude and standard deviation of quantitative traits, and chi-square test of total distribution between total germplasm resources and primary core collections, the result showed that 152 common beans can represent the total common beans of Shanxi Gene Bank and can be used as the preferential studying objects of breeding, evaluation, improvement and usage.