The present research generally surveyed and analyzed crop germplasm resources in drought area including 12 counties in Shanxi Province. The counties are Youyu, Yangqu, Xixian, Linxian, Shilou, Fanshi, Linqiu, Wutai, Hunyuan, Wuxiang, Wuzhai and Xingxian. Through consulting document and field survey, the survey tables for crop germplasm resources in target counties were completed. The variation tendency of the climate and vegetation in 12 counties were analyzed, as well as cultivated area, yield, variety variation of staple crops were described. The existing problems and countermeasures for the protection of crop germplasm resources were suggested. The results will provide the valuable information for the protection, research and utilization of crop germplasm resources in drought area of Shanxi Province.