270 foxtail millet cultivars from the North China summer-sowing region(NCSR), the northeast spring-sowing region (NSR), the northwest plateau early-maturing spring-sowing region (NESR) and the northwest plateau mid-late-maturing spring-sowing region (NMSR), including 220 improved cultivars and 50 landraces, were planted at Jinan in 2013.Thousand-kernel weights (TGW) of foxtail millet cultivars were weighted. Crude protein and fat contents of kernels were measured by the kjeldah method and soxhlet extractor method，respectively. The average values of crude protein, crude fat contents and thousand-grain weight (TGW) of 270 foxtail millet cultivars were (11.18±1.14) %, (4.00±0.42) % and (2.87±0.28) g, respectively. The average value of crude protein content of 220 improved cultivars with (10.93±1.12) % was significantly lower than that of 50 landraces with (12.28±1.16) %, while crude fat content and TGW of improved cultivars was no significant differences compared with that of landraces. Significant differences were observed for crude protein content and TGW of cultivars from different eco-regions, that of cultivars from NESR were the highest, and that of the NCSR were the lowest. The average value of crude fat content of cultivars from different ecoregions was no significant difference. Significantly positive correlation was observed between crude protein content and TGW, while significantly negative correlations were obtained among crude protein content, TGW and growth duration. This paper reported the main variation in protein content，fat content and TGW of foxtail millet from different eco-regions, which provided theoritcal reference for quality breeding of foxtail millet. Protein content, fat content and TGW should be paid more attention on quality breeding of foxtail millet.