Auxin response factors (ARFs), which activate or repress the auxin response genes by binding to auxin response elements (AuxREs) on promoters, are essential to auxins signal transduction and act as critical roles in modulating various biological processes. In this study, TaARF genes were comprehensively identified from current wheat genome by using bioinformatics methods and gene structure, chromosome location prediction, conserved domain of proteins, homologous evolution and homologous protein were analyzed. Results showed that 61 TaARF genes were identified, which were located on the chromosomes except chromosome 4A,4B,4D, 5A and 5B. The nomenclature was based on the positions of the wheat chromosomes. TaARF genes have complex structure.The number of exons varies from 1 to 15, Most of TaARF genes contain conserved B3 domain, Auxin_resp domain and Aux/IAA domain. Analysis for homologous evolution showed that the number of paralogs of TaARF genes were more than HvARF genes and BdARF genes. Fourteen TaARF genes which were related to root development were gained by using sequence alignment to the Arabidopsis database. A wheat line JM6 was subjected to drought stress treatment followed qPCR analysis of the 14 genes. Seven genes showed more than 5 times over control in expression level. Compared with its parents, F1 hybrids have a higher expression level. Based on these results, we speculated that TaARF genes played an important role in response to drought stress. They might be involved in the heterosis and the gene expression regulation network of root drought tolerance.