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首页 > 过刊浏览>2021年第22卷第1期 >237-246. DOI:10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200427001
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甘蓝型油菜与白菜型油菜杂种后代细胞学和分子标记分析
作者:
作者单位:

青海大学农林科学院 / 青海省春油菜遗传改良重点实验室 / 农业农村部春油菜科学观测实验站 / 青海省春油菜工程技术研究中心,西宁 810016

基金项目:

青海省春油菜遗传改良重点实验室（ 2017-ZJ-Y09，2020-ZJ-Y10）；国家重点研发计划（ 2016YFD0100202）；青海省“高端创新人才 千人计划”


Cytological and Molecular Analyses on Hybrids Progenies Derived from Crosses between Brassica napus L. and Brassica rapa L.
Author:
  • YIN Ting

    YIN Ting

    Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University/ Key Laboratory of Spring Rapeseed Genetic Improvement of Qinghai Province / Spring Rape Scientific Observation Experimental Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas/ Qinghai Province Spring Rape Engineering Technology Research Center, Xining, 810016
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  • ZHAO Tong

    ZHAO Tong

    Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University/ Key Laboratory of Spring Rapeseed Genetic Improvement of Qinghai Province / Spring Rape Scientific Observation Experimental Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas/ Qinghai Province Spring Rape Engineering Technology Research Center, Xining, 810016
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  • LIU Hai-dong

    LIU Hai-dong

    Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University/ Key Laboratory of Spring Rapeseed Genetic Improvement of Qinghai Province / Spring Rape Scientific Observation Experimental Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas/ Qinghai Province Spring Rape Engineering Technology Research Center, Xining, 810016
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  • LI Kai-xiang

    LI Kai-xiang

    Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University/ Key Laboratory of Spring Rapeseed Genetic Improvement of Qinghai Province / Spring Rape Scientific Observation Experimental Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas/ Qinghai Province Spring Rape Engineering Technology Research Center, Xining, 810016
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  • YU Qing-lan

    YU Qing-lan

    Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University/ Key Laboratory of Spring Rapeseed Genetic Improvement of Qinghai Province / Spring Rape Scientific Observation Experimental Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas/ Qinghai Province Spring Rape Engineering Technology Research Center, Xining, 810016
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  • ZHAO Zhi-gang

    ZHAO Zhi-gang

    Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University/ Key Laboratory of Spring Rapeseed Genetic Improvement of Qinghai Province / Spring Rape Scientific Observation Experimental Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas/ Qinghai Province Spring Rape Engineering Technology Research Center, Xining, 810016
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Affiliation:

Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University/ Key Laboratory of Spring Rapeseed Genetic Improvement of Qinghai Province / Spring Rape Scientific Observation Experimental Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas/ Qinghai Province Spring Rape Engineering Technology Research Center, Xining, 810016

Fund Project:

Key Laboratory of Spring Rape Genetic Improvement of Qinghai Province（ 2017-ZJ-Y09， 2020-ZJ-Y10）， National Key Research and Development Program of China（ 2016YFD0100202），‘ High Level Innovation Talents Plan’ of Qinghai Province

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    摘要:

    本研究选用甘蓝型油菜和白菜型油菜进行种间杂交，通过对杂交早期世代进行细胞学和分子标记研究，期望为 甘白杂交快速获得新型甘蓝型油菜提供支撑。结果表明：甘蓝型油菜（ 2n=38， AACC）和白菜型油菜（ 2n=20， AA）杂交获 得的 F1 植株表型偏母本甘蓝型油菜，染色体为预期的 29 条，且花粉育性较差。套纱帐获得的 F2 植株形态学和细胞学分析 发现偏白菜型油菜，植株染色体数目为 20，花粉母细胞（ PMCs）染色体配对构型为 1.64Ⅰ +9.11Ⅱ +0.04Ⅲ，中间型植株染色 体数目介于 24~28 之间，偏甘蓝型油菜植株染色体数目介于 29~38 之间，其中染色体数目为 38 的植株较少且自交结实困 难， PMCs 中染色体配对构型为 0.68Ⅰ +18.23Ⅱ +0.30Ⅲ。选择 F2 偏甘蓝型油菜植株自交，获得的 F3 后代均为偏甘蓝型油菜， F2 中染色体数为 35~36 的 F2 植株产生的后代中约 40.00% 的植株 2n=38。由此可知，对甘白杂交 F2 后代进行表型（偏甘蓝 型油菜）及细胞学（ 2n ≥ 35）选择可获得甘蓝型油菜类型后代。染色体数目为 38 的 F3 植株 PMCs 中染色体配对构型为 0.59Ⅰ +18.30Ⅱ +0.26Ⅲ，二价体数目变化于 16~19 之间，以 19 Ⅱ为主，占 58.62%，单价体数目变化在 0~3 个之间，且单价体和 三价体数比 2n=38 的 F2 植株少。为研究甘白杂交后代亲本遗传物质的渗入，利用 AFLP 和 SSR 分子标记技术对甘白杂交 F2、 F3 进行检测。结果表明杂交后代 F2、 F3 中特早熟白菜型油菜 A 基因组渗入的同时，伴随了杂种后代 A 基因组和 C 基因组 的双重变异。

    Abstract:

    In this study， interspecific hybridization between Brassica napus L.（ 2n=38， AACC） and Brassica rapa L.（ 2n=20， AA） was performed， followed by cytological and molecular analyses of the progenies at the early generations in order to achieve rapidly acquisition of novel B. napus L.. The results showed that the F1 plants obtained from the crosses between B. napus L. and B. rapa L. represented 29 chromosomes and low pollen fertility， with the phenotypic variation largely derived from the female parent B. napus L.. In F2 plants， the morphological and cytological analyses revealed a proportion of plants with the B. rapa-like phenotype carrying 20 chromosomes（ 2n=20， 1.64Ⅰ +9.11Ⅱ +0.04Ⅲ in pollen mother cells（ PMCs） at diakinesis）， as was that of the parental line B. rapa L.. F2 plants carrying 24-28 chromosomes was intermediate for phenotype， while the remaining plants with 29-38 chromosomes showed the phenotype similar to B. napus L.. A few plants containing 38 chromosomes presented low seed-set after self-pollination， and the chromosomes pairing configuration was 0.68Ⅰ +18.23Ⅱ +0.30Ⅲ . The B. napus-like F3 plants were all derived from such F2 plants， and the F2 plants with 2n=35-36 gave ~40% F3 progenies with 2n=38. It could be concluded that the production of the B. napuslike progeny was rational via the directional selection of the F2 plants with such phenotype（ B. napus-like） and cytology（ 2n ≥ 35） . During the PMCs meiosis of F3 plants with 38 chromosomes， the pairing configuration was 0.59Ⅰ +18.30Ⅱ +0.26Ⅲ， and the number of bivalents ranged from 16-19， with mainly 19 Ⅱ accounting for 58.62%， while the number of univalents was from 0 to 3. Compared with F2 plants with 38 chromosomes， the number of univalents and trivalents decreased. In order to study the introgression of parental genetic material in the progenies， AFLP and SSR molecular markers were used for the F2 and F3 generations. The results showed that the A-genome of early maturing B. rapa L. was introgressed in the hybrid progenies of F2 and F3， accompanied by the double variation of A-genome and C-genome of hybrid progenies.

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殷婷,赵彤,柳海东,等.甘蓝型油菜与白菜型油菜杂种后代细胞学和分子标记分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2021,22(1):237-246.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-04-27
  • 最后修改日期:2020-11-19
  • 录用日期:2020-07-23
  • 在线发布日期: 2021-01-07
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