In this study, the genetic diversity of 1287 common buckwheat germplasm resources was evaluated by using the geographical information, 6 phenotypic traits and 7 pairs of SSR markers. The analysis of six phenotypic traits revealed great variation in different germplasm resources. The coefficient of variation ranged from 17.13% to 33.87%, with an average of 24.25%. The coefficient of variation of stem diameter was the largest, which was the main factor causing phenotypic variation. The1287 accessions were divided into five groups, most of which were clustered in the fifth subgroup, and the others showed regional specificity. The analysis of SSR indicated the index of similarity coefficient ranged from 0.0477 to 0.9486 with an average of 0.4289. Clustering analysis based on SSR molecular markers showed that there was a certain correlation between germplasm resources and their geographical distribution. The results of phenotypic traits and SSR molecular markers showed that there was abundant genetic diversity in common buckwheat germplasm resources and 530 accessions of primary core collection were constructed.