In this study， the data of 22 phenotypic traits and 3 quality traits of 708 tartary buckwheat resources were used to construct the core collection of tartary buckwheat germplasm. By comparing merits of four different combination strategies including the genetic distance， sampling method， sampling proportion and clustering method， the ‘euclidean distance + multiple cluster deviation sampling + 20% sampling proportion + maximum distance method’ was determined as the optimal sampling strategy of tartary buckwheat core collection and the core collection containing 141 tartary buckwheat resources was constructed. The mean difference percentage， variance difference percentage， range coincidence rate and variation coefficient change rate of core collection and original collection were 0，84.00%， 97.60% and 115.42%， respectively. Finally， the phenotypic and quality traits of the core collection were compared with the original germplasm. The mean value of 25 traits between core collection and original germplasm had no significant difference. The variance of core collection of 25 traits was higher than or equal to that of original germplasm， and the variance of 22 traits between core collection and original germplasm had significant difference at 0.05 leve or 0.01 level. It showed that the heterogeneity of core collection was better. t-test of Shannon-Weaver index showed that there was no significant difference between core collection and original germplasm on all traits. Both the core collection and the original germplasm had 8 principal components， and the cumulative contribution rates were 77.525% and 76.191%，respectively. The core collection germplasm was proved to represent the genetic diversity of the original germplasm， which might be useful in collection， preservation and effective utilization of tartary buckwheat germplasm resources.