2025年6月13日 10:29 星期五
首页 > 过刊浏览>2025年第26卷第4期 >719-730. DOI:10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240807001
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诃子果实性状变异及优树选择
作者:
作者单位:

1.保山市林业和草原技术推广站，云南保山 678000;2.保山市林业和草原科学研究所，云南保山 678000;3.保山市药品检验检测研究院，云南保山 678000

作者简介:

研究方向为植物遗传改良与繁育，E-mail： dongzhanghong@swfu.edu.cn

通讯作者:

张满常，研究方向为食品药品的检验检测，E-mail：195906453@qq.com

基金项目:

云南省重大科技专项计划（202302AE090023）；保山市科技计划项目（2024bskj22）


Variation of Fruit Traits and Plus Tree Selection in Terminalia chebula Retz.
Author:
Affiliation:

1.Forestry and Grassland Technique Extention Station of Baoshan City， Baoshan 678000， Yunnan;2.Forestry and Grassland Scientific Research Institute of Baoshan City， Baoshan 678000， Yunnan;3.Institute for Drug Inspection and Testing of Baoshan， Baoshan 678000， Yunnan

Fund Project:

Foundation projects：Yunnan Provincial Major Sciences and Technology Special Projects Program （202302AE090023）；The Science and Technology Plan Project of Baoshan City（2024bskj22）

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    摘要:

    为深入挖掘诃子种质资源，以怒江流域的240株候选单株为研究对象，测定其果实的19个性状并进行变异和相关性分析，利用主成分分析法、模糊隶属函数法和多维坐标综合法筛选优良单株。结果表明，诃子果实性状变异丰富，变异系数在0.03~0.78之间，均值0.21；变异幅度以没食子酸最大，果肉重量、总酚、果实重量和果核重量次之，果形指数、水浸出物、可食率、水分较小。相关性分析表明，可食率与可溶性固形物、总酸均呈极显著正相关，与水浸出物、总酚和没食子酸均呈显著正相关，可食率可作为诃子优树选择的重要性状指标；总糖、总酸、总酚和可溶性固形物两两之间均呈极显著正相关。19个性状提取到5个主成分，累积方差贡献率74.444%，决选优株9株，编号分别为BB01、BB13、JZS22、MC18、MC20、MCC12、MK08、MK12、SJK08。研究结果为诃子良种选育及创制提供了科学依据，具有重要的应用价值。

    Abstract:

    To comprehensively explore the germplasm resources of Terminalia chebula Retz.， this study selected 240 candidate individual plants from the Nujiang River Basin for analysis. Nineteen fruit traits were assessed， and variation and correlation analyses were performed. Superior individual plants were identified through principal component analysis （PCA）， the affiliation function method， and a multidimensional coordinate synthesis method. The results demonstrated substantial variation in the fruit traits of T. chebula， with coefficients of variation ranging from 0.03 to 0.78 and an average of 0.21. Gallic acid content exhibited the highest variability， followed by pulp weight， total phenols， fruit weight， and kernel weight. In contrast， traits such as the fruit shape index， water extract， edible rate， and moisture content showed relative limited variation. The edible rate displayed an extremely significant positive correlation with soluble solids and total acid， as well as significant positive correlations with water extract， total phenols， and gallic acid content. These findings highlight the edible rate as a critical indicator for the selection of superior T. chebula individuals. Moreover， extremely significant positive correlation were observed among total sugar， total acid， total phenols， and soluble solids. PCA of the 19 traits yielded five principal components， collectively accounting for 74.444% of the cumulative variance. Nine exceptional elite plants were identified， with the following serial numbers： BB01， BB13， JZS22， MC18， MC20， MCC12， MK08， MK12， and SJK08. These results offer a scientific foundation for the selection and development of improved varieties of T. chebula， holding significant practical value for future cultivation and resource utilization.

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董章宏,蒋华,杨丽英,等.诃子果实性状变异及优树选择[J].植物遗传资源学报,2025,26(4):719-730.

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