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大豆不饱和脂肪酸全基因组关联分析
作者:
作者单位:

1.黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院;2.作物基因资源与育种国家重点实验室/农作物基因资源与遗传改良国家重大科学工程/中国农业科学院作物科学研究所粮食作物遗传资源评价与利用重点实验室

基金项目:

内蒙古大豆产业技术创新研究与应用（2023DXZD0002）


Genome-wide Association Analysis of Soybean Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Author:
Affiliation:

1.College of Agriculture,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural Reclamation University,Daqing;2.State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement NFCRI/Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization MARA,Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Fund Project:

Research and Application of Soybean Industry Technology Innovation in Inner Mongolia(2023DXZD0002)

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    摘要:

    大豆油作为重要的植物油之一，而油分中不饱和脂肪酸的组成和含量决定了其营养价值和稳定性。不饱和脂肪酸组分的比例不仅直接影响大豆油的品质，还与消费者的健康密切相关。然而，尽管目前已有大量围绕FAD2基因展开的大豆不饱和脂肪酸研究，但仅能解释约60 %的遗传变异，仍有很大空间挖掘其他协同调控基因。因此，深入发掘其他不饱和脂肪酸关键位点，并筛选出可用于育种的优良基因，对于培育功能性大豆品种具有重要意义。本研究对359份大豆种质进行了油酸，亚油酸和亚麻酸含量的测定，并利用GEMMA软件的混合线性模型对3种组分进行了全基因组关联分析，鉴定出5个同时调控三种组分的显著位点以及2个与亚麻酸显著关联的高置信度位点13-13101056和14-46813345。进一步结合连锁不平衡分析（LD）和功能注释鉴定出亚麻酸相关基因GmFAD3A，该基因编码脂肪酸去饱和酶。单倍型分析发现，GmFAD3A的第3个外显子上存在1个非同义突变位点（14-46811463 T/C），形成两种单倍型。其中携带GmFAD3AT种质的亚麻酸含量显著低于携带GmFAD3AC的种质，而油酸含量则高于携带GmFAD3AC的种质。优异等位基因GmFAD3AT的驯化分析显示，野生大豆中占95.5%，这一比例在地方品种降低至85.6%，而选育品种中提升至91.7%。本研究为大豆不饱和脂肪酸组分的改良提供了可靠的理论基础，并为培育低亚麻酸/高油酸含量及理想不饱和脂肪酸比例的大豆品种提供了重要位点和基因。

    Abstract:

    Abstract: Soybean oil, as one of the important vegetable oils, has its nutritional value and stability determined by the composition and content of unsaturated fatty acids in the oil fraction. The ratio of unsaturated fatty acid components not only directly influences the quality of soybean oil but is also closely associated with consumers' health. Although there have been numerous studies on unsaturated fatty acids in soybeans centered around the FAD2 gene, it can only explain about 60 % of the genetic variation, leaving a great deal of room to explore other genes for the coordinated regulation of unsaturated fatty acids. Thus, it is of great significance to deeply explore other key loci related to unsaturated fatty acids and screen out excellent genes applicable for breeding to cultivate functional soybean varieties.In this study, the contents of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid in 359 soybean germplasms were determined. Using the mixed linear model of GEMMA software, a genome-wide association analysis was conducted on these three components. Five significant loci that simultaneously regulate the three components and two high-confidence loci (13-13101056 and 14-46813345) significantly associated with linolenic acid were identified. Further, by combining linkage disequilibrium analysis (LD) and functional annotation, the linolenic acid-related gene GmFAD3A, which encodes a fatty acid desaturase, was identified. Haplotype analysis found that there is a non-synonymous mutation site (14-46811463 T/C) in the third exon of GmFAD3A, forming two haplotypes. Among them, the linolenic acid content of the germplasm carrying GmFAD3AT was significantly lower than that of the germplasm carrying GmFAD3AC, while the oleic acid content was higher than that of the germplasm carrying GmFAD3AC. The domestication analysis of the excellent allele GmFAD3AT showed that it accounted for 95.5 % in wild soybeans, this proportion decreased to 85.6 % in landraces, and increased to 91.7 % in selected varieties. This study provides a reliable theoretical basis for the improvement of unsaturated fatty acid components in soybeans, and provides important loci and genes for cultivating soybean varieties with low linolenic acid/high oleic acid content and an ideal ratio of unsaturated fatty acids.

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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-08
  • 最后修改日期:2025-04-16
  • 录用日期:2025-04-17
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