The South and South-west parts of China are rich of wild rice resources because of the humid and warm climates. There are three species of wild rice in China, that is O. rufipogon , O. officinalis and O. meyeriana . Based on previous investigations, O. rufipogon is the most endangered wild rice species and Chinese government began to carry out in-situ conservation programs from 2000. During the construction of in-situ conservation of wild rice, four different methods were applied. This paper described the methods and discussed the related issues of in-situ conservation in China.