There are 82 species of wild roses in China,accounting for 41% to the world. The genus Rosa contains about 200 species, only 15 species had contributed to the formation of modern roses. Therefore, the introduction of new genetic resources is essential to the resistance breeding. There are more than 25000 cultivars in modern roses, in which less than 3000 produced in European nurseries, and the main cultivar group is floribunda. The research on resistant genetic resources had paid more attention to black spot, powdery mildew and root knot nematodes. The molecular markers have been applied in phylogenetic analyses, construction of genetic linkage map and identification of cultivars in roses. The rose hips contain high level of vitamin C and high medical value.