Soybean( Glycine max )varieties and germplasm were investigated with respect to protein contents, fat contents, and soluble protein contents were analysed for part of soybeans, from 19 Chinese major soybean planting provinces in 2003. The investigation showed that the protein content and the content of protein plus fat of germplasm were basically equal to those of soybean varieties, respectively. The fat content of varieties was generally higher than that of germplasm, which indicated that varieties with high fat content possessed large proportion in planting varieties in 2003. The protein content of varieties or germplasm presented an increasing trend from north to south for the Northern, Huanghuaihai and Southern ecological regions, whereas the fat content of varieties or germplasm presented a decreasing trend form north to south. The ecological and weather factors had much more effect on the protein content than on the fat content of soybean. The soluble protein content of soybean was so high on the whole that it can meet the demand of soybean food processing industry.