Germplasm research has widely focused on special rice since the 1980s. Up to now, some genetic analyses of peculiar characters for special rice were positively conducted based on abundant special rice germplasm, including black and red rice, low amylose and super-giant embryo and suger endosperm rice etc, created by integrating conventional breeding with biotechnology and used in rice production, which have increased the income of farmer. Future research should include the characterization and evaluation of rice special traits, genetic and molecular analyses of special genotypes, analyses of genetic diversity and establishment of core collection, prebreeding of fuctional special rice with higher lysine, mineral element and vitumin content and higher physiologically active chemicals such as flavonet, cyanidin 3-glucoside etc.