A doubled haploid (DH) population of 150 lines, derived from a cross between two Chinese com mon wheat varieties Hanxuan10 and Lumail4 was used in this study to map quantitative trait loci ( QTL) for water use efficiency (WUE) and related traits at seedling stage under water stress and control conditions, respectively. Mixed-model-based composite interval mapping analysis revealed that a total of 14 QTL of additive effect for the target traits were mapped on chromosomes 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 1B, 3B and 3D. The contribution range of these QTL to phenotypic variation was from 6.36% to 19.73% . Of these QTL, 10 were de tected under control condition: two for WUE, five for up-ground water use efficiency (UGWUE), one for down-ground water use efficiency (DGWUE) , and two for water consumed (WC); under water stress condition, one QTL was detected for each trait, respectively. There was no QTL regulating the same given trait to be mapped on the same marker interval under both conditions, implying that there were different QTL expression patterns under different water conditions. Some QTL may be employed to perform marker assisted selection in breeding.