Identification and evaluation of 841 soybean accessions newly collected and stored in the National Genebank during 2002 - 2004 were carried out with regard to two major quality traits of protein and oil content. The results showed that protein and oil content exhibited normal distribution, and the greatest frequency was 41.01% to 42.00% and 20.01% to 21.00%, respectively. Compared with previously collected soybean germplasm, protein content of those newly collected presented decreasing trend; on the contrary, oil content and protein plus oil content presented opposite trend. It could be found, after comparing traits among four different types of germplasm, that protein level of landraces was higher than that of other three types of germplasm including lines, introduced materials and varieties; and that oil level and protein plus oil level of introduced materials were higher than that of other three types. Domestic germplasm possessed higher percentage of high protein soybean; and introduced germplasm possessed higher percentage of high oil and high protein plus oil soybean in comparison with domestic.