Rice anthocyanin is an important bioactive compound that has been the highlight of functional rice research and development. Current researches on biosynthesis and component of rice anthocyanin, especially on the influence elements, genetics research and molecular mechanism of rice anthocyanin content, and the identification, screening and innovation of rice germplasm with high anthocyanin content were reviewed. The strategy of corresponding researches on functional rice for high anthocyanin content was discussed furthermore.