In order to strengthen the germplasm collection and conservation of special oil crops, and offer the service for breeding research and utilization expediently, the status of germplasm conservation for special oil crops in China and some important countries was illuminated in this study. Thirteen countries such as America, India, Europe and China et al, hold ninety thousand germplasm accessions of special oil crops including more than 30,000 flax accessions, over 21,800 sunflower accessions, more 15,000 safflower accessions, about 5,000 castor bean accessions and approximately 900 perilla accessions. Most flax resources are conserved in America, Russia, Canada and Europe; sunflower germplasm accessions are mainly collected in America, Europe and China; large numbers of safflower accessions are distributed in India, America, China and Russia; and most castor bean resources are kept in China, America and India. As for the accession numbers of special oil crops among those countries, America ranks first which possesses more than 22,000 accessions, India ranks second, and Europe, China and Russia are in the middle place. Eight thousand four hundred accessions of special oil crops (castor bean, sunflower, safflower and Perilla) are conserved in China, twenty-one percent of which are foreign germplasms, and most of native germplasms come from Hubei Province, North China, Northeast, Northwest and Southwest. This study is valuable for China germplasm introduction, collection and preservation of special oil crops, not only point out the direction, but also provide the reference.