The genetic diversity of 17 pigmented rice varieties in Shaanxi Province was investigated with the technique of SSR. By using 22 effective primers from 12 rice chromosomes, The result showed that: 128 alleles was detected by 22 pairs of SSR primers, The average number of alleles per SSR locus was 5.8, The average number of polymorphism information content per SSR primer was 0.73 with a range from 0.49 to 0.89. Genetic similarities ranged from 0.24 to 0.88.