Abstract : The variation and principal component analysis of 10 principal agronomic traits in 27 peanut germplasm resources were conducted；The results indicated the coefficient of variation of individual deef-pod、inividual pod、plant high and individual two-seed were bigger; the accumulative contribution rate of the first 4 principal component were 84.98%. Basing on their principal component , we judged the traits of every germplasm resource and selected 10 cultivar with better multiple traits to be used as parents in breeding . The genetic distance were calculated using the value of the first 4 principal component. Divided them into 6 groups at the level 0f D2=3.21, which basing on the value of genetic distance. Among 6 groups ,theⅡgroup had the most(16parts) number cultivar, and its multiple traits also displayed better . The most cultivar of theⅡgroup could be used to utilize as breeding parent or be spreaded.