The distant hybridization of commercial cultivar Co419 × a wild clone of S.Spontaneum Yunnan75-1-2 was fulfilled. Yunye02-356, one clone of F1 generation, was backcrossed as male by commercial cultivar ROC25. The seedlings, from the two populations of Co419 × Yunnan75-1-2 (F1) and Yunye02-356 × ROC25 (BC1), were selected for propagation. All clones including F1,BC1 and their parents were planted in one trial with random complete block design of three repeats. The inheritance of quality traits of real progenies from the two populations was analysed with R software. The results showed that the broad-sense heritability of quality traits of the two populations is high. All quality traits displayed a obvious normal distribution regularity. All quality traits showed significantly and positively related. Both sugar yield and fibre content are higher in the F1 populations than commercial parent, but other traits including commercial cane sugar, sugar content in cane juice, brix in cane juice and apparent purity of cane juice are all worse in the F1 population than in the commercial parent. The performances of quality traits are almost between the two parents except sugar yield higher in the BC1 population, and the main traits are better in BC1 population than in F1 population.