The genetic diversity of 22 YiRen rice germplasm were studied by simple sequence repeats (SSR)markers. 11 SSR primers giving stable amplified band pattern detected 105 alleles among the lines tested. The average number of alleles per SSR locus were 9.55 with a range from 4 to 20. The value of polymorphism information content (PIC) for each SSR locus varied from 0.3048 to 0.9238 with average of 0.8255. The 22 germplasm were divided into 4 groups by UPGMA method based on SSR fingerprinting. The clustered results were similar to that based on geograph-ical resource and germplasmic genealogy. SSR marker could be an accurate and reliable method to study diversity of YiRen rice Germplasm. SSR marker assisted genetic improvement of YiRen rice germplasm would be an important way to breed new YiRen rice cultivars.