The quality traits, including protein content, oil content, oleic acid, and linoleic acid content, were detected on seeds of 233 local peanut germplasms from Henan Province, China. They were compared with the traits of the germplasms from other provinces of China and countries. The landraces from Henan Province possessed medium protein contents together with relatively high oil content and oleic acid content on average. However, outstanding germplasms with the protein content over 30%, oil content over 56%, and oleic acid content over 70% were not detected. The currently commercial varieties in Henan Province had low protein content in general. However, the varieties with high oil content were developed. A breeding strategy was proposed, which included full use of germplasms available together with application of techniques such as wide hybridization, inducing mutants, marker-assisted selection， and genetic engineering.