In order to efficiently use sweet sorghum germplasm in XinJiang, this paper analyzed and compared the genetic diversity of 24 main characters of 72 germplasms using genetic diversity indexes, coefficient of variation and cluster analysis. The results showed that genetic diversity indexes(1.6333) is the highest for grain color among 14 qualitative character; the lowest one was for in leaf color of seedling and seed setting form, the average diversity indexes is 0.7460. The quantitative character such as main panicle length，stem diameter，brix，grain weight per spike，stem juice extraction，1000 grain weight，plant height，panicle weight and whole growth period had greater coefficient of variability．ranging from 7.85％ to 53.01％，all quantitative character tested showed great diversity indexes，ranging from 1.7331 to 2.1383 with an average of 2.0061，which showed this collection of sweet sorghum germplasm had great genetic diversity. Cluster analysis showed that all 72 germplasms were divided into 4 groups.