Rice, one of the world’s most important food crops, is a model plant for developmental biology research of the grasses. Development of its young panicle and spikelet is also the basic for formation final yield. So, the research on developmental biology of young panicle and spikelet has been the same focus question in plant molecular genetics and crop science. The developmental biology related to young panicle and spikelet has achieved a series of great advances in recent years. The present paper reviewed their developmental process, effects of cultural practices and environmental factors and related genes. And the problems and countermeasures in present research were also been discussed.