The object of collecting for crop genetic resources is to obtain the highest degree of genetic diversity in the seed samples. In order to effectively collect wild soybean germplasm resource, we surveyed and analyzed genetic diversity in the natural populations of wild soybean in recent years, and understood the patterns of genetic diversity in wild soybean populations: including geographical and ecological regionalities of genetic diversity, genetic relationship among populations within ecosystems, and the degrees of genetic diversity in wild soybean populations under various habitats. These results have become a theoretical fundament in guiding collecting of wild soybean germplasm. According to the distribution of genetic diversity for wild soybean populations in various habitats, we preliminarily established fundament principia and methods for effectively collecting wild soybean germplasm resources.