Effective identification of duplicates in germplasm collections will be important for improving the efficiency of the conservation. This study was to identify possible duplicates from 60 samples of oat germplasm newly collected in four counties of Qinghai province in order to determining the accessions for cataloguing and conservation. By analyzing the names and the sources of the collections, evaluating the variation and similarity of morphological traits, and assessing genetic diversity and redundancy with molecular markers, it showed that these oat collections had different sources, unique characteristics and high genetic diversity, with high potential for conservation and use. However, it was found that many samples have the same names and some samples have high genetic similarity. Therefore, there might be genetic redundancy in the collections and a few possible duplicates were identified, i.e. “White Oat (1083)” vs. “White Oat (1093)”, “Oat (1225)” vs. “Large Oat (1226)”. This study will be a useful reference for germplasm curators to effectively identify duplicates and improve the conservation efficiency.