In order to study the genetic diversity of Miscanthus sinensis from China, 46 collections of M. sinensis from 18 provinces were analyzed by the simple sequence repeats（SSR）markers. The results show that 33 SSR primer pairs produced 87 bands with 75 polymorphic (86.21%) and the size of amplified DNA varied from 80 to 310bp. Shannon diversity index (I) is 0.020～1.522, with a mean of 0.745. Polymorphic information content (PIC) is about 0.040～0.738, with a mean of 0.445. Genetic similarity coefficient is about 0.315～0.933, with a mean of 0.569. UPGMA and PCA Cluster analyses indicated that 46 collections of M. sinensis were clustered into 3 groups. Group I was mainly composed of the germplasm from north China, group II composed of those from center China and group III composed of those from south China. But some collections from southwest of China were divided into the above three groups. These results indicated that there was some relationship between M. sinensis varieties and geographical distribution, but not all varieties were incomformity with geographic origin.