Based on 8 quantitative traits and 18 qualitative traits, the phenotypic variation, genetic diversity and cluster relationships were investigated in a set of 62 populations of Saccharum officinarum and Erianthus rockii. The results showed that the phenotypic variations of quantitative traits were primarily from millable stalk, average stalk weight and sucrose in cane. Furthermore, the genetic diversity were abundant in hair group 57 and shape of inner auricle, however, root primordial, bud placement, stalk shape, internode shape and growth crack did not segregate. Moreover, the cluster analysis indicated these progenies can be divided into 4 groups and 10 subgroups. Genetic diversity and cluster analysis will be stronger support to the hybrid offspring selection and its crossing or back-crossing .