Plants can activate their signal transduction when adverse enviroments occured in the surrounding environment. Plant signal transduction can perceive and transduce different stress signals, and activate a variety of physiological and biochemical systems to survive. Plant protein kinases play very important roles in signal transduction, growth, development and gene expression regulation. The function of protein kinase in signal transduction is phosphorylating the target protein. In this paper, we focused mainly on the structure, classification of plant kinase and the relationship between hormone signal transduction and plant protein kinase. We summarized the latest research of plants resistance and development mediated by protein kinases, which provide evidence for the molecular mechanisms of protein kinases in plant growth and development.